Doloxan
From Battlestar Wiki, the free, open content Battlestar Galactica encyclopedia and episode guide
Diloxin Therapy was described as sounding similar to Radiation or Chemo Therapy, two modern choices in the treatment of cancer. President Laura Roslin tells Dr. Cottle of having her mother endure two years of Diloxin Therapy as she wasted away, and therefore the President wanted to explore alternative treatments. The description sounds most remnisicient of Chemo Therapy as the side effects are generally much worse/apparent in the human patient. However the Diloxin reference cannot be truly pinpointed to one treatment or the other for lack of further information. The name Diloxin likely originates from the Ersatz vocabulary or language differences from the otherwise used English.